Since the military moved in at the end of October 2014, calm has returned to the M’zab valley, in the wilaya of Ghardaïa. The army took control of the crisis, born ten months earlier from the regular and suddenly bloody fighting between the Ibadites (*) and part of the Arab community of Malekite rite (*). But in order to restore calm and order, the government had to take out its heavy guns and to harden its stance towards the «trouble makers».

The deprivation of his linguistic rights that Axel Bondok had lived through his childhood is the main reason why he has become today one of the most prominent teachers and supervisors of the Amazigh language in his Libyan city, Zuwarah.

Widespread in North and West Africa, the Tijaniyya throws bridges between Maghreb and sub-Saharan peoples. But, as other Sufi brotherhoods it is loathed by Salafi extremists.

“It is the utmost insult and failure when your child stays for a year without any identification papers or a registered name in the civil register, because the authorities in Gaddafi’s era preventedus from naming him with an Amazigh name, but requires all names to be exclusively Arab”.Says ShokriNael, an Amazigh citizen and father of the child.